盗墓笔记

China's landmark Ecological and Environmental Code takes effect to drive green modernization_我的网站

薛平贵与王宝钏

A | 大面宽，短进深，自然光线是免费滤镜。三米挑空，全落地窗，钱塘江景尽收眼底。全屋至少8个氛围感机位，奶油风装修自带柔光效果，是美妆、服装、时尚等直播短视频创作者的绝佳“影棚”。放在2019年的杭州，这种房源完全不愁租。急租的人为了插队看房，甚至愿意预付更多租金。

An aerial drone photo taken on Aug. 11, 2026 shows egrets in a wetland of Honghe National Nature Reserve in northeast China's Heilongjiang Province. (Photo: Xinhua)
China took a major step toward green modernization on Saturday as its landmark Ecological and Environmental Code officially came into force, strengthening the legal foundation for a more harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature.
Adopted by China's top legislature in March, the code is China's second formal statutory code after the Civil Code.
The code comprises 1,242 articles in five chapters, covering pollution control, ecological protection, and green and low-carbon development, among other areas.
As China advances its Beautiful China initiative, the code is expected to strengthen rule-of-law guarantees for ecological protection and provide fresh impetus for the country's green and low-carbon transition.
A STRONGER SHIELD FOR NATURE
Now in effect, the Ecological and Environmental Code brings together more than 30 laws, 100 administrative regulations, and 1,000 local laws and regulations through systematic integration, compilation, revision, and refinement, creating stronger legal synergy for ecological protection.
"This is a historic shift in the logic of China's ecological and environmental governance," said Qin Tianbao, a professor at Wuhan University. With the new code, China's ecological protection is moving from fragmented management toward systematic governance, Qin said.
The new code has also been welcomed by local judicial authorities across the country, who say it will have a major impact on their work.
"As the code comes into force, we have clearer guidance and a more focused approach when handling cases related to ecological, environmental and resource protection," said Xu Xufen, a judge at the Intermediate People's Court of Huzhou City in east China's Zhejiang Province.
This is because the code establishes a systematic, comprehensive and clearly structured set of legal values, which provide fundamental guidance for adjudication, Xu said.
China's ecological protection legislation has made continued progress in recent years, forming a wide-ranging, detailed and practical legal framework. However, analysts note that some obstacles remain, including fragmentation among different laws and regulations.
The code can help resolve legal conflicts and fill gaps, making the country's ecological and environmental legal system more integrated and coordinated, and better able to keep pace with the times, said Yu Wenxuan, a professor at the China University of Political Science and Law.
The strengthened legal framework comes alongside years of efforts that have produced key environmental gains. Some innovative explorations include the river, lake and forest chief systems, as well as central environmental protection inspections, which have all been included into the code.
Such efforts have led to major changes in China's ecological protection, with key indicators continuing to improve. In 2025, the average PM2.5 concentration in major Chinese cities fell to 28 micrograms per cubic meter, while the proportion of days with good air quality reached 89.3 percent, both the best levels since monitoring began. China has become one of the countries with the fastest improvement in air quality in the world.
By the end of 2025, China's national forest coverage rate had exceeded 25 percent. Since the beginning of this century, about one quarter of the world's newly afforested areas have come from China. The country has recorded the world's largest and fastest growth in forest resources.
Looking ahead, China has mapped out the next stage of its ecological protection drive. In July, the State Council issued a plan for building a Beautiful China during the 15th Five-Year Plan period (2026-2030), setting out the overall requirements, targets, key tasks and major projects for comprehensively advancing the initiative.
According to the plan, by 2030, China will achieve an overall improvement in ecological and environmental quality and make significant progress toward building a Beautiful China, with green production and lifestyles largely established and the carbon peaking target reached on schedule.
CHARTING A GREENER FUTURE
By dedicating a chapter to green and low-carbon development, the code helps bring environmental protection and economic development into closer alignment -- two goals often seen as being in tension, said Hou Jiaru, a professor at the China University of Political Science and Law.
"It combines the philosophy of development through protection and protection through development," Hou said.
In practice, China has made solid progress in advancing green development in recent years. The country has cultivated more than 8,000 national-level green factories, built the world's largest clean power supply system and largest clean steel production system, and established the world's largest carbon emissions trading market.
Echoing the spirit of the new code, China's outline of its 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-2030) prioritizes accelerating the comprehensive green transition of economic and social development, calling for faster progress in shaping green modes of production and day-to-day life.
China has also sought to share its green development experience with the world, contributing Chinese solutions to global ecological protection and sustainable development.
In Egypt, for example, a water-saving terraced farming model introduced from China has been replicated, helping conserve water and support agriculture in the mountainous areas of the Sinai Peninsula. In Saudi Arabia, China's photovoltaic technology is helping the Middle Eastern country harness desert sunshine for solar power, offering a practical path toward clean energy transition.
As the code takes effect, China's green modernization drive is gaining not only a stronger legal foundation at home, but also broader relevance for global sustainable development in an era when fragmented legislation is increasingly inadequate for addressing complex environmental challenges.
To this end, the code includes specific provisions on international cooperation, calling on China to strengthen collaboration on ecological and environmental protection, fulfill its obligations under international treaties it has concluded or joined, and promote cooperation in addressing climate change.
Analysts say that the code marks a significant transition for China in global environmental governance, from participant to leader, while offering a legislative model for the world, especially developing countries.
In particular, the code's integrated approach to pollution prevention, ecological protection and green, low-carbon development -- all key issues on the global agenda, represents an important technical contribution to global legislative practice, said Qin.
"The code sends a clear signal to the international community: China is firmly advancing ecological priority and green development in accordance with the rule of law, and is willing to work with countries around the world to build a clean and beautiful world," he added.
。但现在是2025年，房屋中介李意成（化名）把房子挂出来三周了，整天在朋友圈、租房群吆喝，没用。他把出租信息发上抖音、小红书，也只引来几位短剧客户询价，“看上去随时会跑路。

B | ”他暗忖。

C | 行情太差，房东急得主动提出首月免租、接受月付，只求能在双11之前出手，错过这波时机不知又要等多久。

D | 李意成对市场的寒意早深有体会，倒劝对方放平心态、接受现实，“降价可能也租不出去。” 其实从三年前，李意成就发现杭州热门房源开始出现空租情况。

E | 各大租房群的人数只降不增，处处释放着杭州租房市场转凉的信号。早几年，一批批年轻人被网红逆袭的故事吸引来到杭州，梦想着自己也能地灵人杰、一战成名。

F | 然而，随着直播、短视频行业增速放缓，遍地捞金的好日子一去不返。

G | 追梦无望的人们也力竭而返，告别杭州这座“网红梦工厂”。越来越多网红搬到成都、长沙、甚至更低线城市，连辛巴、向太这些家底雄厚的网红，也纷纷以业务调整为由撤离。当“入杭”的斗志散去，最浮华的行业也要打务实的算盘。网红租房，不谈风水了 “混乱”，是李意成这两年最大的感受。因为你永远想不到客户为什么退租。 2022年前后，大批外地网红为寻求长远发展，与杭州的MCN机构签约长期合作，也由此成为拉升杭州租房市场的中流砥柱。但几年后，他们感觉这座“网红之都”并没能让自己得到成长，商业价值反而被不断消耗，创作者索性带上团队撤离。短短三年时间，从组团租房到集体退租，李意成经历了行业的大起大落。租房合同到期不续，这是最常见也最正常的理由。李意成告诉硬糖君，有些做直租的房东才叫苦不堪言，租户拖欠房租不交也就罢了，还有人欠下好几千的水电费突然跑路，“据说是跟榜一大哥吵架，被对方直接断粮了。”李意成知道很多网红八卦。留在杭州的网红们，租房消费也有明显变化。他们对价格越来越敏感，不再愿意为了住好一点而付出溢价。不止一个老客户向李意成哭诉，今年工作不稳定、收入时高时低，明示租金必须降低一点，否则宁愿赔违约金去换一个高性价比的房子。这些人签的几乎都是长期合约，其中以主播居多。

H | 这也不算无理要求。据李意成透露，绝大多数面向博主、主播的小区本就存在价格虚高的情况，月租会比配置相近的普通小区贵千把块。这种“专供”房源的典型特征是，拥有全屋智能调光、专业补光灯位、网红风装修等基础配置，从一开始就是为网红设计的。与此同时，“杭漂”网红们也不再那么迷信风水。这是李意成的经验之谈。“以前你在介绍房源的时候，告诉那些小主播、小博主这是出过、住过大网红的风水宝地，对方租房意愿一定会变得更强烈，冲动一点的当场签约接好运。” 这很符合逻辑。

I | 在直播带货高歌猛进时，杭州不只是一座电商之都，更是一座希望之城。

J | 选择杭州，就是选择一个充满希望的人生剧本。而后来他们的迷茫也在于此——当初所有的一切都是为“网红人生”准备的，然而时代突然慢了下来，人要何去何从。 2024年，杭州头部主播的收入极大缩水，中腰部主播平均月薪同比下降30%。下行是一个漫长的过程，而不仅是给出一次性结果。所有人都面临降薪的可能，网红们也就顾不上在出租屋谈风水，更别说为虚无缥缈的情绪价值买单。

K | 当然，永远是有人辞官归故里，有人星夜赶科场。李意成告诉硬糖君，他今年接待过几个北京搬来的租客，“这些人还想在杭州搏一把，但没想过一定要在这里安定下来。绝大多数只需要租个房子过渡下，试用期过完不合适立马就走了。以前我们经常签到长租两三年的客户，现在能租满一年都算不错。” 当杭州不在盛产逆袭暴富的神话，漂泊的年轻人不得不开始计算生活成本。在直播、短视频的产业链上，越来越多人被突然的降速“刹车”甩出轨道。这种情况下，急流勇退反而成为一种止损的智慧。地位，不再按房分配在行业上行期，杭州租房市场跟网红的数量、地位、流量紧密挂钩，这在滨江、九堡等板块尤其明显。为了方便目标租客做出更高效的选择，李意成曾将房源按照租金、配置、区域划分成黄金、铂金、钻石等级别，再根据用户预算进行资源速配。从酒店公寓到豪华大平层再到江景独栋别墅，这是住房的升级之路，也是网红的登顶历程。

L | 李意成调侃，没有住过丽晶国际的网红不是合格“杭漂”。这座大楼本来只可以容纳6000多位住户，在巅峰时期却发出过2万多张门卡，每天进出的人流量动辄过万。在这里，很多江湖无名小主播、小博主，一步步打拼到行业的头部位置。住进丽晶国际，上楼睡觉、下楼直播，生活和工作能够在一个空间进行。

M | 普通人或许觉得工住一体太压抑，但对做直播带货、短视频创作的人来说，这正是他们追求的高效状态。也只有保持这种节奏，才能跟上行业速度，敲开网红之门。李意成告诉硬糖君，走在丽晶国际的电梯、楼道，你大概率会听到销量、数据、日活这些电商专业术语，凌晨还有人声嘶力竭地喊着“上链接”“拍完改价”。

N | 2017年，李意成服务过一个粉丝几万的丽晶国际租户，对方说自己的水平不足一提，他还觉得这话是不是在凡尔赛。

o | 后来李意成发现，这种程度的主播、博主确实多如过江之鲫。

p | 他也才真正意识到，网红江湖的竞争有多激烈。而要成为网红，丽晶国际仅仅是起点。很多租客对这里的环境并没有多满意，但最终依然抱着“先住下来，迟早会换”的心态签了约。至于这个迟早是多久、能换去哪里，取决于他们的升咖速度和人气地位。从农村走出去的新中产，往往要回老家建一栋别墅自证实力。而在杭州混得风生水起的网红，则需住进豪华大平层、江景大别墅秀一把财力。比如，当粉丝体量突破百万，网红们就可以搬进“半壁网红圈”的银杏汇、张大奕住过的迪凯金座、薇娅一口气买下四套的嘉润铭座，或者其他高人气大平层。为了满足新兴网红群体的住房需求，杭州地产商一度流行开发酒店式豪宅，典型如兰博基尼公寓。在晨妍、张林超、金爱罗等博主的视频作品里，该公寓的酒店私享套房都曾出过镜，也在粉丝群体掀起过讨论。李意成注意到，做直播、电商的客户更喜欢带壁炉的房子，理由是“希望自己和行业都能大火一把”。但火这玩意儿，幸运和危险只有一线之隔，丽晶国际的没落就是从2021年的一场意外火灾开始的。既然是流量生意，硬糖君倒觉得，房子有“自来水”就挺好，要不多装几个水龙头？头部撤离，到何处去？虽说今时不同往日，但李意成也是真见过年轻客户在杭州短短两年就赚得盆满钵满，“说不羡慕肯定是假的”。他一度想学“小艾大叔”当房产网红，结果发布的短视频只有几十个点赞，只好作罢。还有另一条光明的出路摆在李意成面前，就是继续从网红手里挣钱，但转做面向公司、工作室的选址服务。事实上，在他犹豫不决的时候，杭州租房市场就已涌现出大批此类中介，他们也想“换个方向干一票大的”。时间要拨回三年前。2022年开始，谦寻、无忧传媒等杭州土生土长的头部MCN机构不断扩张，主播体量、业务范围随之增加，此前租住的产业园逐渐无法匹配它们的增长速度，杭州直播领域一夜间掀起买地盖楼的热潮。谦寻以2200多万元拍下一块商业用地，计划投入3亿建起一座建筑面积将近6.6万平方米的总部大楼；宸帆和绿城管理达成合作，建立“宸帆人工智能新电商产业基地”…… 规模较小的团队没有豪掷千金买楼的实力，但也纷纷选择租一个更体面的办公楼，用来证明公司的健康发展状态，借此加大在牌桌上的议价筹码。李意成回忆，“一家电商公司发展怎么样，看看在哪里办公你心里大概就清楚了。我们当时经常讨论，做成这种公司的大单提成得有多少，想想都有点小激动。” 更多外地MCN机构也闻讯而来。其中最轰动的消息是，“快手一哥”辛巴带辛选团队从广州迁至杭州，租下整个滨康路上的威海中心3号楼——这栋办公楼2022年3月正式竣工、总共包含23层。这钱也实实在在花出了大动静，辛巴在新办公室发起的第一场直播带货，累计观看次数达到3亿次，总销售额超过9亿。李意成告诉硬糖君，辛巴大张旗鼓“入杭”时，小杨哥、向太等抖音网红，以及二驴、散打哥等快手顶流也在杭州物色办公楼，相关地段周围的房租也因此微涨过一轮。“新搬过来的公司出手比较阔绰，愿意给员工提供住宿补贴或免费住房。现在想想，当时应该是最后的红利。” 机会转瞬即逝，李意成还没做好转型的准备，各路MCN机构就已开始集体战术性撤退。